נוגדי חמצון מזיקים לפוריות?!

לדעתי בקשר לויטמין E כמות של 400 מ"ג ליום הינה תקינה

שלום, תודה קראתי את המאמר. המאמר מתייחס לנטילת מולטיויטמין השאלה אם נוטלים מינון יותר גבוה של ויטמין E למשל של 400יחידות בינלאומיות זה יכול להזיק או שמספיק המינון במולטיויטמין שהוא נמוך?מה המינון שיתן איזון כאמור בחלק המאמר למטה. משום שהבנתי שמחד חמצון נחוץ לתהליך הביוץ , השליה וכו ומאידך חמצון גבוה יכול לפגוע באיכות הביציות והעוברים (בDNA וכו),איזה מינון של ויטמין E יביא לאיזון הנדרש ? "The antioxidants vitamins, such as vitamins A, C, E, and folate, and minerals, such as zinc and copper, are important in restoring or maintaining the oxidant–antioxidant balance in blood and tissues [1] and [5]. Dietary folate and zinc are also important for several antioxidant functions (5). These antioxidants can provide protection of cells against oxidative stress caused by ROS, which would lead to damage of DNA or other important structures such as proteins and cell membranes. " Rupture of the follicular wall during

שלום רב,תודה שהבאת לידיעתנו את מאמרה החשוב של פרופ' נאווה דקל,אולם כמו כל דבר בסיפרות -הדיעות חלוקות ,ולמול קביעתה של פרופ' נאווה דקל ישנן אין ספור עבודות הטוענות לטובת נוגדני החמצון בקשר עם הפריון וההפריה החוץ גופית את -להלן אחד המאמרים לטובת נוגדני החמצון,רשימת הסיפרות בסוף המאמר מבססת את ההנחה הקיימת לטובת האנטיאוקסידנטים כתוספת חיונית בהקשר לפוריות וטיפולי הפוריות Fertility and Sterility Volume 94, Issue 6, November 2010, Pages 2465–2466 Correspondence Multivitamin and mineral supplementation modulates oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing in vitro fertilization • M. Okan Özkaya, M.D.a, • Mustafa Nazıroğlu, Ph.D.b, , • a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey • b Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey • Received 3 November 2009. Revised 11 January 2010. Accepted 26 January 2010. Available online 12 March 2010. • http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.066, How to Cite or Link Using DOI • Cited by in Scopus (5) • Permissions & Reprints ________________________________________ We investigated effects of multivitamin and mineral supplementation on lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E values in serum and follicular fluid of 56 women undergoing IVF and 13 age matched control. We concluded that multivitamin and mineral supplementation in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing IVF may strengthen the antioxidant defense system by decreasing oxidative stress. Key Words • Vitamin A; • vitamin C; • vitamin E; • oxidative stress; • human fertilization; • follicular Ovulation is one of the most dramatic and dynamic events in the reproductive process. The involvement of free radicals in female infertility is less known. It has been suggested that oxidative stress might play a role in infertility (1). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced within follicle, especially during the ovulatory process (2). It is believed that oxidative stress may be a cause of poor oocyte quality. The role of ROS and antioxidant in relation to female reproductive function has been a subject of recent interest (1). Reduced levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) are reported in the follicular fluid (FF) of women with unexplained infertility (2). Yang et al. (3) found higher levels of the oxidant hydrogen peroxide in fragmented embryos compared with nonfragmented embryos, whereas Paszkowski et al. (2) reported the elevated consumption of antioxidants, which suggests increased ROS levels, during incubation of poor quality of embryos. However, there is also evidence to suggest that antioxidant vitamins and enzymes in FF act on the ovary to modify its function. For example, high levels of vitamin A are found in human FF in concentrations with is almost threefold higher than serum levels (4). At present, the physiological role of intrafollicular antioxidant enzymes and vitamins is not fully understood. The current study was undertaken to investigate whether multivitamin and mineral supplementation improves FF and serum antioxidant capacity. A total 56 paired FF and serum samples of patients (aged 28.8 ± 3.2 years) were obtained from women who underwent IVF at the Antalya and Isparta IVF centers of Turkey. Thirteen paired samples of FF and serum were also obtained from health control subjects (mean age 32.2 ± 5.2 years). Suleyman Demirel University has no Institutional Review Board (IRB), although the study protocol and scientific content of the study was approved by the local Ethic Committee of Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, by protocol number June, 2009:24. We used three groups in this study. The first group was the control group (n = 13) and they received placebo (candy). The second group (n = 30) constituted the IVF group and they were also received the placebo. The third group (n = 26) received oral multivitamin and mineral tablets daily (Megadyn Pronatal Film Tablet; Mecom Inc,, İstanbul, Turkey) for 45 days before serum and FF collection. Content of the multivitamin and mineral tablets was detailed in our recent study (5). The IVF stimulation protocol was explained in our recent study (5). Briefly, a staff nurse randomized the patients at initiation of stimulation using a computer-generated list. All patients from both groups were instructed to take oral contraceptive (OC) pills (Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany) once daily for 21 days. On day 3 of the following cycle, the dosage was reduced to 0.25 mg/d and continued until the day of hCG administration. The lipid peroxidation (LP) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH-Px, vitamins A, E, and C values in the serum, and FF samples were measured spectrophotometrically at 37°C (5). Significant values in the three study groups were assessed with unpaired Mann-Whitney U test. We found that LP levels in serum and FF of patients undergoing IVF were increased, although investigated serum vitamins A and C and vitamin C and GSH-Px values in FF decreased. However, 45 days of multivitamin and mineral supplementation caused a decrease in FF and serum LP levels but serum GSH, vitamins C and E concentrations, and GSH-Px and vitamin C concentrations in FF were increased by the supplementations (Table 1). The IVF is characterized by decreased antioxidant vitamin concentrations and increased LP levels in FF and serum (1). A limited number of in vivo or in vitro studies have been reported [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5] of serum and FF in patients undergoing IVF regarding the effects of antioxidant redox systems and LP levels on the pathogenesis of IVF. To the best of our knowledge the current study is the first to compare the treatment of antioxidant vitamins with particular reference to oxidative stress and the antioxidant redox systems in FF and serum of patients undergoing IVF. . Rupture of the follicular wall during ovulation can be modeled as a short inflammatory process. An increase in various substances in the follicle near the time of ovulation, which can induce oxidative stress, has been measured. These free radical-generating agents include histamine, bradykinim, angiotensin, prostaglandins (PG), eicosanoids, proteolytic enzymes, nitric oxide, and superoxide (1). Oxidative stress is also particularly important for the development of the placenta and fetuses in case of small-for-gestational-age pregnancies and the mothers (6). The copper and zinc superoxide dismutase transcripts are present in human and mouse oocytes at germinal vesicle and metaphase II stages and GSH-Px and manganese superoxide dismutase transcripts are detected in mouse and human metaphase II oocytes (7). The ROS are produced within the follicle during the ovulation process (1) and oxidative stimulation has important physiological roles that promote oocyte maturation and follicular wall rupture within the follicle. However, the excessive production of ROS may lead to an increased risk of poor oocyte quality. Our results indicated that LP levels is increased in serum and FF of patients undergoing IVF. Results in the current study indicated that ROS in patients undergoing IVF is a marker for obligatory minimal metabolic activity within the follicle. The GSH-Px activity was lower in the FF of patients undergoing IVF than in controls. Similarly, the relationship between fertility and selenium-dependent GSH-Px enzyme activity has been examined in a few studies that, in general, found lower serum and FF concentrations to be associated with an increased infertility rate [2] and [3]. The antioxidants vitamins, such as vitamins A, C, E, and folate, and minerals, such as zinc and copper, are important in restoring or maintaining the oxidant–antioxidant balance in blood and tissues [1] and [5]. Dietary folate and zinc are also important for several antioxidant functions (5). These antioxidants can provide protection of cells against oxidative stress caused by ROS, which would lead to damage of DNA or other important structures such as proteins and cell membranes. The antioxidant vitamins and minerals are present in the multivitamin and mineral tablets of the current study (5). Hence, serum GSH, vitamins C and E concentrations, and FF GSH-Px activity and vitamin C concentrations were increased by the supplementations as a result of the antioxidant properties of the antioxidant vitamins and minerals. In conclusion, multivitamin + mineral combination ameliorates the antioxidant changes probably through its free radical scavenging in blood serum and FF of patients undergoing IVF. The results may be help physicians on the treatment of IVF, as well as scientists in clarifying the etiology of IVF. Acknowledgment The authors thank Prof. Dr. Hakan Kaya (IVF center, Isparta Private Hospital, Turkey) for helping in the sample collection. References 1. o 1 o N. Sugino o Reactive oxygen species in ovarian physiology o Reprod Med Biol, 4 (2005), pp. 31–44 o View Record in Scopus | Full Text via CrossRef | Cited By in Scopus (23) 2. o 2 o T. Paszkowski, A.I. Traub, S.Y. Robinson, D. 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Biol Trace Elem Res. DOI:10.1007/s12011-010-8637.x. o 6. o 6 o S. Gveric-Ahmetasevic, S.B. Sunjic, H. Skala, L. Andrisic, M. Stroser, K. Zarkovic et al. o Oxidative stress in small-for-gestational age (SGA) term newborns and their mothers o Free Radic Res, 43 (2009), pp. 376–384 o View Record in Scopus | Full Text via CrossRef | Cited By in Scopus (10) 7. o 7 o S. El Mouatassim, P. Guerin, Y. Menezo o Expression genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in human and mouse oocytes during the final stages of maturation o Mol Hum Reprod, 5 (1999), pp. 720–725 o Full Text via CrossRef